IP addressing

                   IP address is a 32-bit number which is used for identifying the computer or networking devices across the internet. This 32-bit binary address is divided into four eight bits and converted into decimal equivalent number. The representation of IP address in decimal number is to ease the difficulty of humans to remember 32-bit binary number.

Example:

32-bit IP address – 00000100000011000000101100000010

Divided address - 00000100.00001100.00001011.00000010

Equivalent decimal address - 4.12.11.2
 
    There are two parts in IP address used by the networking protocols. Network address and node (or device) address.

The 32-bit IP address is divided with the following five different formats.

Class A - First 8 bit network address and 24 bits node address.\

Class B - First 16 bits network address and 16 bit node address

Class C - First 24 bits network address and 8 bit node address.

Class D - Multicast address (only one node)

Class E - Reserved

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